Reciprocating compressor



' Oct. 6, 1925 1,556,059 E. T. WILLIAMS RECIFROCATING COMPRESSOR ,2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 1. 1923 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS an [11mm]? Miami Iii-H E. T. WILLIAMS RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR INVENTOR ATTORNEYS i age ,mgssq m N h Y i h L ow, L on. e, mas. 3* s c o "s i "is r-q 53 c n see s" F. o

"i an s 4 EDWARD T. WZLLIAEEEL BEtGGFLYDl, NET? Ii-ECIiERQUAT CO' IPBEQSGH.

.eppl'lcaticn filed IEcceniber 1, fierial Flo. 'd'i'lfirlti- To all whom may concern.- spring metal secured at its center to the pis- Be it known that I, EDWARD TQWILLIAMS, ton in any convenient manner, as by spota citizen of the United States of America. Welding. Over each cylinder is a chamber residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and or dome 25, with a valve 26. The latter is 5 State of New York, have invented certain of the same type as valve 24, but is attached new and useful Improvements in Reciproto a spring-pressed pin 27 so that the disk eating Compressors, of which the following not only can flex but can also move bodily. is a full, clear, and exact description. The two cylinders, 10, 11,:116 integral This invention relates to electrically with a'hollow central member 28, fitted in 19 driven compressors for air and other gases, a gas-tight manner to the solenoid casings particularly gases and vapors used as relei, 15, and the bores 29, 30, in which the frigerating media, and its chief object is cores 21, 22 travel, are closed at their outer to provide a compressor and driving mechaends, the two solenoid casings and the cennism therefor in which the use of rotating tral member forming an elongated closed parts, and likewise the use of packing for chamber communicating with the intake ends 79 piston rods, is avoided. To this and other of the two cylinders. The two cores 21, 22, ends the invention comprises the novel fea- Wholly inside of this chamber, reciprocate tures hereinafter described. therein, and the solenoid coils are enclosed The invention is especially adapted for in What may be termed outer compartments. so-ca'lled household refrigerating systems, The gas to be compressed is supplied to the in which durability, reliability, and freedom chamber through an inlet pipe '28 and the from complication are of prime importance, compressed gas escapes from the domes 25 and I have accordingly selected for specific through pipes 31. It, will therefore be seen description herein an embodiment designed that the apparatus has no rod or shaft re- 25 particularly for thepurpose mentioned. quiring packing. 953

or this purpose I prefer single-actin re- The solenoids 12, l3are energized in alterciprocating compressors, with aligns or nation by the positive and negative imparallel compression cylinders, With pistons pulses of alternating current, directed to actuated by the core or cores'of a pair of the respective solenoids by suitable rectifysolenoids. ,The' latter are preferablyaxially ing means, as for example the system illusaligned, and are energized in alternation by trated diagrammatically in Fig. 1. this the two wave-halves of single phase alternatfigure, 32 represents a transformer having ing current, the waves being split and the terminals 33, 3st, for connection with a. single positive half sent through one solenoid and phase circuit represented by the mains 35, the negative hair" through the other, by 36. wires 3?, 38, 39 connect one terminal suitable rectifying means, preferably of oi each solenoid to the neutral point of the the electrolytic or vacuum tube type. transformer, and wires 40, ll connect the Referring to the accompanying drawing: other terminals to the filaments of the vac- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a doubleuum tubes 42, 43, while the plate electrodes acting compressing apparatus embodying my of the latter are connected by Wires 44:, 45 present invention. to such turns of the transformer as will give Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are fragmentary sectional the desired voltage across the solenoid termiviews showing other forms. nals. Inasmuch as current can flow from In Fig. 1, the two compression cylinders plate to filament but not from filament to the solenoids 12, 13, enclosed in suitable cassay in the direction of the arrow, will flow ings 14, 15, are also in axial alignment but at through terminal 33, transformer 32, wire ight angles to the cylinders. The pistons 16, it, tube 42, Wire 40, solenoid 12, Wires 38, 17 are connected by connecting rods or links 39, transformer 32, and terminal 342 to main 18, 19, to the longitudinally slotted inem- 36. Solenoid 12 is thus energized and core her 20 connecting the two scores 21, 22. The 22 drawn toward the left, thereby retracting core, connecting rod, and piston assembly piston 17 and advancing piston 16. Simiis shown in mid-position. Each piston has larly, the ensuing negative impulse, beginports 23, controlled by a valve 2%- of the niug to flow when the first has fallen to zero, spring disk type, consisting of a disk of passes only through solenoid 13; and since 1O, 11 are arranged in axial alignment, and plate, it will be seen that a positive impulse, 1413 solenoid 12 is de-energized, core 21 moves As piston '16, for example, is retracted, valve 24 opens and admits gas through ports I 23, valve 26 of course being closed bythe pressure in dome 25. When the piston advances, valve 24; closes and the pressure pro duced above the piston opens valve 26, permitting the gas. to flow into the dome. In

' the meantime the same operations are being performed by piston 17, but in the reverse order. i

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 2'

the cylinders 10", 11 arearranged side'by side insteadof in alignment, and the pistons 16', 17 are connected by connectin rods 18, 19?,to the cores 21%, 22. In ig. 3 a similar arrangement of cylinders is employed but the pistons are connected by links 48, 49 to bell crank levers or rockers 50, 51, which are in turn connected by links 52, 53 to the cores 21*, 22

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 4 the cylinders and pistons are lengthened, and extend below the path of the cores, to afi'ord resistance to the lateral thrusts incident to the reciprocation of the cores. Also, the pistons are actuated by a cam-slot 55 in the member 20 connecting the two cores. For this urpose the pistons are slotted so as to stra dle the'member 20, and are pro vided'with wrist-pins 56 extending through the cam-slot. Preferably, the cam-slot is she ed with a short dwell, 57 parallel to the pa of the cores, while the outer portions of the slot are inclined to, or almost to, their ends, so that if the cores s ould overflow (that is, travel past the sition at which a given iston retro-heath pression stroke will remaih stationary but the other (on the suction s eke) will travel farther and thus .take an increased amount of; gas. For example, in the figure now, the cores do notreveise, but continue moving-to the left, the-dwell 57 in the camslot, will keep piston 16 stationary, but'the inclined end of the right arm of the slot will carrypiston'17""down farther, and thus I cause itto take in a greater volume of gas.

Hence if the load on the machine is light enough to permitthe cores to overthrow the capacity of the machine is increased in a compensating manner; Upon reflection it will be seen that a like compensation is provided in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, but that the piston which is on the compression or'discharge upper limit of its travel the piston which is-cnthe com essors stroke does not remain stationary. Thus in Fig. 2, for example, overthrow to the left i will carry both, pistons down slightly, but 17- farther than 16. Then on the rightward movement of the cores the former piston will have a short compression stroke,

followed. its normal suction stroke.

In Figs. 2 and 3 the valves are shown (diagrammatically) as of the poppet type,-

eating cores actuated by the solenoids and connected to the pistons to reciprocate the same, and means for passing the positive waves of alternating current predominantly through one solenoid and the negative Waves predominantly through the other, whereby the solenoids are activated alternately.

2. In a compressor, in combination, a pair of compression cylinders. a closed chamber communicating with both cylinders at the intake ends thereof and having :anrinlet for the gas to be compressed, pistons in the cylinders, a pair of reciprocating cores ar-.

ranged whgily within said chamber and consolenoids associated with the cores to re ciprocate the same, and alternating current means for energizing the solenoids in alternation. l

3. In a compressor, in combination, a; pair of spaced coaxial solenoids, casings therefor having inwardly open aligned recesses closed at their outer ends, connected cores mounted to reciprocate in said recesses,- a hollow member enclosing the cores between the solenoid casings and hermetically sealed to the latter to form in conjunction with said recesses a closed chamber in which the cores travel, a pair of compression cyl- ,inders 'open at their intakerends to'said the p1storr16 is at the top of its stroke. If,

chamber and hermeticallyconnected thereto, pistons in the cylinders, connected to the cores through the open intake ends ofthe cylinders for reciprocation by the cores, and means for energizing the solenoids in alternation.

4. In a compressor, in combination, a pair of compression cylinders having their intake ends open, a chamber hermetically connected to the cylinders at their intake ends, open thercto and provided with a gas inlet open- 'nected witli' the pistons to actuate the same,.

ing but otherwise closed,- pistons in the cylinders, a pair of cores wholly within saidchamber and connectedthrough their open" ends to the pistons for reciprocation therenally thereof at by, solenoids associated with ttie cores to reciprocate the same, and means for energizin; the solenoids alternately.

5. In a compression, in combination, a closed chamber of elongated form having a gas inlet arranged cylinders having their inner ends open to the interior of the chamber, a pair ofaligned cores wholly within said chamber and arranged to-reci 'n'ocate longitudiright angles to the cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, connected through tbe open ends of the cylinders to the cores for reciprocation thereby, solenoids associated with the cores to reciprocate the same, and means for energizing the solenoids alternately.

' 6. In a compressor, in combination, a closed chamber having compression cylinders open at their intake endsto the interior of the chamber, pistons in the cylinders,

and axially aligned transversely dominantly through the other,

signature.

solenoids associated with said chamber, solenoid cores wholly within said chamber and connected to the pistons through the open ends of the cylinders to actuate the pistons, and incanslor passing the positive waves of alternating current predominantly throughone solenoid and the negative waves predominantly through another to activate the solenoids in alternation.

T. In a compressor, in combination, double-acting compression lncchanisni. a pair of solenoids having cores connected with said mechanism to act-uate'the same, and alternating current rectifying means connected with the solenoids to pass positive currentimpnlses predominantly through one solenoid and negative current-impulses prewhereby the solenoids are activated alternately.

In testimony whereof I hereto aflix my EDWARD T. WILLIAMS: 

